There is an electronic weight in the start block measuring exactly when the athletes push off and also how strong they push off. This is used for things like reaction time. There are also overhead cameras. Each swimmer runs in their own track so they are very easy to track. For live tracking they use image tracking. The swimmers body distinguishes themselves a lot from the bottom of the pool. Then at each end of the pool there are pressure pads detecting when the swimmers reach the end of the pool.
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