Sweet sugar and sour citric acid naturally form crystals, so they’re easily crushed into powder as the base of the drink mix. That’s mixed with different [artificial flavor chemicals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_anthranilate) that have strong, vaguely fruity smells. It doesn’t take much — a very small amount of these chemicals can make strong flavors/scents.
Edit: food dyes are added because human taste perception is greatly affected by color — an effect rooted deeply in human sensation and perception.
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