How do they make transistors so small that you can fit billions within a graphics card or computer components?

Question

How do they make transistors so small that you can fit billions within a graphics card or computer components?

In: 3

Answer 1

A transistor is just conductor, semiconductor, and insulators laid out in a certain pattern, so that applying current to one wire affects the current going through the other two wires.

Since it’s so simple, you can literally “print” atoms of the materials onto a substrate to get the same effect. That’s how they get so small.