if this were tagged as “physics” I’d say by either adding or removing energy as “heat” is just a statistical description of the movement of atoms/molekules in a “thing”.
so adding energy either by adding electrical energy, kinetic energy (dropping it from somewhere, accelerating it somehow), creating friction (rubbing it against something), absorbing energy from the sun, etc will heat something up. to cool something down you need to do the reverse, which is generally harder.
since it’s tagged as chemistry….do you mean when you combine them? when you combine two reagents and there’s a reaction that causes the result to get hot then it’s because the ions in your reagents reacted in a way that created a surplus of energy.
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