Two ways: mechanical and chemical
Mechanical is your chewing to mash food into smaller, more manageable bits, and your stomach rolling around to accomplish the same thing.
Chemical is through enzymes that break chemical bonds in large molecules to make them smaller. For example, amylase breaks down starch, lipases break down lipids, and proteases break down proteins. Digestive enzymes are found in your saliva, stomach, and the beginning part of the small intestine, with most of digestion done in the small intestine.
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