Big telescope capable of detecting faint light with long exposures and accurate direction. Launched up in space so the atmosphere doesn’t distort the view. Probably a bit of image processing to remove the last bit of distortion.
You end up with this, most of the blobs are separate galaxies billions of stars in each.
https://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hvi/uploads/image_file/image_attachment/30589/STScI-gallery-1427a-2000×960.jpg
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