It’s not always the wires that break, usually it’s the connectors.
Wires and connector pins are made of soft metals, mostly copper and gold, because they have low electrical resistance. Steel would be cheaper and stronger, but it has much more resistance and is subject to higher rates of corrosion.
These metals are expensive, so coatings are kept thin. On top of that, particularly in cell phones, space is very tight which also drives toward thin connectors and thin wires. This metal parts are subject to breakage, particularly when you don’t carefully remove any dirt/debris that might be on the connector before plugging in.
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