There is general anesthesia where many of the bodies functions are slowed or stopped while the patient is “under”.
The analogy to this is shutting the car engine off before popping hood. Otherwise the mechanic is trying to repair the car while it is running, and that is considerably more difficult – leaking fluids, gouts of fire, extreme swings in temperature and pressure that increase the difficulty of the work and may break the engine while you have it partially apart even as it is running.
So the human body functions are slowed, the surgeon does their work, and then human body is restarted.
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