How do you move from it being a collection of transistors to it being a fully functional computer?
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You interconnect them in the correct configuration to perform the logical function that a computer is. Today the interconnection and transistors are all made at the same time in an integrated circuit but the first transistor-based computer used chips with a single transistor that was interconnected with wires.
To get how it works I would look at the videos on [https://eater.net/8bit/](https://eater.net/8bit/) where Ben Eater build a simple 8-bit computer from individual chips. He does not use individual transistors but from a simple logic chip. There are introduction videos that explain how semiconductors and transistors work and demonstrate how to build simple logical circuits with them.
It is simpler to get how it works from a video like those than any text on Reddit because you can do drawings the same way.
If you look at all videos you see a simple 8-bit computer being built and how every step work is explained. Computers today are a lot more complex but the basic idea of how they work is the same.
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