They are considered pretty safe but you are right in your suspicions, lately there’s been increasing evidence that they can adversely effect metabolism and trigger issues that plain sugar can too.
So moderation as ever, is best.
From https://www.forksoverknives.com/wellness/artificial-sweeteners-can-make-you-gain-weight/
“Do we have direct evidence that diet beverages can adversely impact body weight? Yes. If you swap out diet beverages for water, there theoretically should be no difference in weight control since they both provide zero calories, right? Well, when researchers put it to the test, overweight and obese individuals on a diet randomized to replace diet beverages with water lost significantly more weight, about 15 percent more over six months.”
Here is an older study just on the nature of most sweeteners, but it is not a critique as such https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3198517/
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