My vague understanding is this:
Diffusion occurs because both oxygen and CO2 naturally balances with itself. So oxygen tends to spread to where there is less oxygen (outside to inside of cell) as with CO2 except there is more CO2 inside the cell then outside of it.
As far how a cell “knows”, not sure but the cell doesn’t actively do this. It’s passively doing it due to physics/chemistry.
I’m no expert so feel free to correct me friends.
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