Imagine a grid of squares, if light falls on one you colour it black “1”, if no light falls on it you colour it white “0”. If you have a large number of small squares in a grid and zoom out, you’d have a black and white image.
If you want more distinction than black or white, you could have a scale from eg 1 to 8 for no light to lots of light, and you’d represent each number in binary (ie 1s and 0s) on the grid. For more detail you could increase the size of the scale from 1 to 8 to 1 to 16, or make the squares smaller so you could fit more in. Colour would work the same expect you’d essentially have three grids, one for each colour.
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