The computer converts the data to a series of zeroes and ones, which then get converted into electricity on and off/light on and off, then reconverted at the other end.
Not quite the right analogy but think of it as a bit like a fancy SOS signal sent in morse code with a torch, that someone can write down at the other end because they know what the dots (short flashes of torchlight) and dashes (long flashes of torchlight) mean.
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