The same way a jacket keeps you warm. Humans are exothermic. We produce heat inside our bodies and it slowly radiates into the atmosphere. A jacket or any thicker piece of clothing traps some air between us and the colder outside air. Our body heat warms that air, and once the air is closer to our body heat, the slower we lose body heat.
The same goes for a wetsuit. Wetsuits trap a thin layer of water between the suit and our skin. Once that body heat warms the water, we lose less heat to the water. The thicker the wetsuit, the longer it will hold the heat in.
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