WiFi isn’t one radio channel, it’s several. The Extender listens on one channel, with a very sensitive receiver, and transmits on another, with a powerful transmitter. This makes the same network available on two radio channels. Since devices have algorithms to choose the most powerful signal, they will connect to the strong extender rather than the weak primary. For devices that are constrained in their radio antenna geometry, like a cell phone, this can be a big improvement.
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