AC motors spin in one direction because of the way their internal components are designed. Inside the motor, there are two sets of coils called windings. When AC power is applied to the windings, the current alternates between the two sets of windings, creating a rotating magnetic field. This rotating magnetic field causes the motor shaft to rotate in one direction. Single-phase AC power is a type of alternating current that has only one voltage waveform. This waveform alternates between positive and negative values. Three-phase AC power is a type of alternating current that has three voltage waveforms. These waveforms are 120 degrees out of phase with each other, which helps create a more consistent and powerful flow of current.
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