Noise cancelling headphones do two things. They isolate the noise with the padding around your ears and muffle it a bit. Like what your regular headphones do. The second thing is that they have a microphone built into each side that records the abient noise and inverts the signal in real time. Constant sounds with constant bandwidth disappear ( like jet engine sounds in a plane). Irregular sounds with varrying bandwidth like talking are muffled and almost silenced because irregular sounds are hard to invert quickly.
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