Psychiatrist here.
Front part of your brain is filled with cells that specialize in memory and attention. In ADHD those cells have to work harder since the part that generates the impulses and ideas is overactive (back part of your brain), so the front can’t keep up with the back.
Adderall increases how sensitive those cells are and also releases dopamine to make the signal stronger, which enhances focus and memory by allowing the front to keep up with the back and stay together.
ELI5/tldr: imagine your brain is like two people rowing a boat in opposite directions and Adderall basically allows them to row in the same direction.
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