An EMP (and for that matter a CME as well) contains energy that overloads and as a result damages various solid-state components, and some types of vacuum tubes.You can think of an EMP (or CME) as an alternative and unregulated power source, if that helps. Some types of vacuum tubes can be configured to withstand the effects of an EMP (or CME), that’s actually why many vacuum tubes are still in production and are being advanced further, but they’re primarily used in nuclear armament systems and satellites, and there are limits to how much energy they can withstand from an EMP (or CME).
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