Radioactive things are throwing off particles of stuff.
Some times these things hit the center of an atomic nucleus, and get stuck.
Because the thing gets stuck it makes the nucleus more likely to fall apart and send out all it’s things as radiation.
The main thing that gets stuck is a neutron.
A lot of times adding a neutrons to a nucleus makes it more unstable.
Other times a gamma ray photon just whacks it and blow up the nucleus.
Other times it turns a neutron into a proton, making a different element that’s more unstable.
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