The bonds in the phosphate group have a lot of energy because they are not very stable due to the close positions of the lone pairs on the oxygens. These lone pairs repel each other, so it’s basically a struggle for these phosphates to be in near proximity to each other and they can’t wait to be away. When the bond is broken, it is very energetically favorable (has a negative value of Gibbs free energy) and this energy that is released from bond breakage is used to push forward other reactions.
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