How does bullet proof glass work?
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Most bullet proof glass (that is clear) is more accurately called “bullet resistant layers of clear plastic”. Different types of plastic have different properties, such as one might squishy (can absorb movement without breaking) while another might be tougher (can stop movement, but might break easier). Occasionally different types of actual glass can be used as well, but rarely without another layer of plastic involved.
Bullet resistance is achieved by combining these properties, such as squishing enough to absorb a bullet’s movement while being tough enough to stop squishing before the bullet passes through it. The designers will take thicker and thicker layers of plastic, combine them in different orders, use different glues to keep them together, and sometimes just use some other materials (like a metal mesh or classic glass) to complement the plastic.
And when they actually resist the bullet, there is usually a scratch or crack the weakens it, so they will often be replaced after a single blocked bullet (logistics allowing). Just like a Kevlar vest needs to be replaced when it blocks a bullet, but with the added fact that its transparency is messed up as well.
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