Cloning is a process by which the genes of a creature are extracted and then injected into the cell that will eventually grow into a creature.
This produces a genetic replica, but *only* genetic. Memory, experience, and all personality that comes from those things are *not* transferred. This means that your pet will be a completely different creature, but be physically quite similar.
The same way cloning anything else works. You take the nucleus from the thing you want to clone and put it into an egg of the same species, then you implant that egg into the womb of an animal of the same species. Yeah, you can [get your dog cloned](http://en.sooam.com/main.html) [for $100,000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animals_that_have_been_cloned#Dog)
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