In a normal engine, the combustion is contained within the cylinder; the metal of the cylinder, piston, and seals keep the gases and the fire inside the cylinder.
In a jet engine, the combustion is “contained” by the huge quantities of air that’s sucked in the front and forced to move towards the back. The speed of this air moving through the jet engine is faster than the speed of burning of the jet fuel, so the flames and the expanding gases have no choice but to push out the back of the engine, and not out the front. Think of it as a cylinder that’s made of a wall of air, rather than of metal.
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