It contains two chemicals, usually baking soda and an acid, like citric acid, that when dropped into and dissolved in water, react with each other releasing CO2 gas, which is the fizzy stuff. This is the same reaction used to make model baking soda volcanos in school. The ingredients are just packed together in a dry form and only react when they start dissolving in water.
I don’t think it would be considered carbonated, because the fizz itself is not actually entering or dissolving in the water like with a carbonated drink, instead it is just bubbling up through the water after being released by the baking soda-acid reaction.
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