Two genes: OCA2 and HERC2 are the primary determiners of eye color. Several other genes (ASIP, IRF4, SLC24A4, SLC24A5, SLC45A2, TPCN2, TYR, and TYRP1) have a smaller effect, on the intensity of the coloration of the iris (and skin and hair). While they don’t change the color, they influence the many other shades of eye color in the blue vs hazel vs brown system regulated by OCA2 and HERC2.
Every person has two copies of all these genes, one from each parent. This gives a lot of possible permutations of color, as shown in a table like [this one](https://www.edow.com/general-eye-care/eyecolor/).
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