The simplest explanation is that the system manipulates the pressure of the refrigerant so that it is cold enough when it is in the indoor portion to absorb heat and hot enough when it’s in the outdoor portion to reject heat.
Raising the pressure raises the temperature and lowering pressure lowers temperature. The compressor and metering device are what makes the pressure manipulation possible.
Change of state from liquid/vapor and vice versa enhances how much heat can be absorbed/rejected.
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