With wire, it is simply how many pieces laid side by side make an inch. This also applies to needles. With shotguns, it is how many lead balls of the bore diameter it takes to make a pound. So, one is a measurement of size and the other of weight. Copied from https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-gauge-number-of-say-wire-needles-and-shotgun-shells-inversely-proportional-to-their-sizes-For-ex-12-gauge-wire-is-thicker-than-20-gauge-wire
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