Basically hacking is exploiting vulnerabilities in software, often caused by human error.
Software is made by people for a specific purpose, but sometimes if you use it for a different purpose, the software behaves in a weird way because it was not tested for it, which hackers make use of.
An example is an SQL injection, which is an old hack to get data.
In the website software, commands are sent to a database to store and retrieve data. Let’s say the website allows you to enter your name and then returns some data. Now assume a hacker does not enter his name but instead enters a special command that can be understood by the database. Then it could trick the server to for instance return all database data if the software is not made to check this.
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