*Hacking* is the art of tricking a system into doing something it’s not designed for.
The actual methods are very diverse. Most often they abuse a vulnerability in the system. These always exist because noone programs perfectly in the first try, so it’s a race between malevolent hacker who want to abuse it, and white-hat hackers that find it to report it to the software creator to patch the vulnerability out.
The attacks can be really sophisticated, for example meltdown and spectre abuse some CPU properties to read data thats supposed to be inaccessible. It works by tricking the system to optimize execution speed for them and then measuring the timing of execution wich is faster for certain data depending on what bytes were in the inaccessible part.
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