Depends on the active ingredient but if it’s the lidocaine product it decreases the permeability of sodium ions in the membrane of the nerves that conduct pain. In doing so it prevents the conduction of the signals of pain.
Ions are important in the conduction of electrical impulses in the body and sodium is one of the most common elements used. In the heart you will also see calcium ions used. Whenever you block these ions you prevent the body from sending these electrical signals.
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