Firstly, in the real world…it doesn’t. It’s a ‘real thing’ in the fantasy world (e.g. Star Trek) and a hypothetical thing in the real world. In the world of physics it’s often referred to as “intertia negation”, which is imagined to be a process functions the opposite of ballast.
On a small scale we mute the affect of inertia with things that compensate – e.g. a padded seat allows you to sink in a bit making your rate of acceleration a little bit less than that of the object the seat is in, but it also dampens the _impact_ of the inertia by providing padding that prevents the harm of the acceleration on your body.
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