Light doesn’t carry data. Light **is** the data.
You need only come up with a standard method to represent data using the light, that can be encoded at one end and decoded at the other end using purpose-built hardware. Light has multiple properties you could use to convey information. That could be as simple as using blinking the light on and off in a certain pattern, to using varying levels of intensity (amplitude), or using certain wavelengths/frequencies or combinations of wavelengths/frequencies.
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