The frequency of the signal detected by LIGO lets us determine the masses of the objects involved as well as some other properties which allow us to work out if the event was a black hole-black hole collision or a black hole-neutron star collision. The relative strength of this signal lets us work out the distance to the event and therefore how long ago it was.
LIGO has two different locations which allows us to localise the direction the event is in relative to us.
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