The microphone is listening to the sound around it. That sound is then played to the speaker. If the microphone can hear what is coming from the speaker, it forms a loop – speaker -> microphone -> speaker -> microphone -> … that is feedback. Technically, positive feedback.
The solution is to make the microphone not hear the speaker – giving you three options.
1. move the speaker further from, or pointing away from the microphone.
2. Reduce the gain on the microphone (it’s sensitivity – so you have to be closer to the mic to be heard.)
3. Reduce the volume of the speaker.
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