First the pressure is converted to an electrical signal, usually some variant of having a capacitor where one of the plates gets vibrated by changes in air pressure. The signal coming out of the microphone is pretty small, so it gets amplified, then fed into an analog to digital converter (ADC) There are several ways to do this, here’s one: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-sigma_modulation
From here, the sound is in a digital form, but may be further compressed before it’s sent on to whichever program wants it.
Latest Answers