There are just a few internet cables going through the Atlantic for example and yet millions of internet users connect between Europe and the USA for example and everybody will get exactly the data he asked for. How can one cable deliver so many different informations at once?
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The data on the internet use IP packet. The all contain the source and destination IP address at a fixed location in the beginning. The router looks at the destination IP and forwards the packet to the appropriate interface to reach the destination Protocol like e Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is used to exchange routing information of where what IP address should go. IP addresses is distributed in blocks so there can be thousand of sequential addresses that all go to a single ISP.
This is how it works on all levels transoceanic connections are no different.
The transoceanic cable is not easy for one single connection. You have multiple fiber pairs and each fiber can carry multiple wavelengths of light that optical splitters separate and send to different devices that interpret the signal.
Look at https://aquacomms.com/our-network/aeconnect-1/ it has 130 diffrent wavelengths in a fiber at 100Gbit/s per wavelength. It has 4 fiber pairs, you have them in pairs so one fiber is used in each direction. So it proved 130 * 4 =520 connection that works independently from the point of the endpoint electronics. The total capacity is 520 * 4 =20.8 terabits/second.
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