This is a pretty good explanation:
http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2014/07/fingerprints-form-can-regenerate/
The short version is friction from pressing your fingers up against stuff in the womb makes the skin fold up a little and form ridges. That’s why identical twins don’t have the same fingerprints.
The really odd part is they can wear out, and then need to grow back. (or you can just have bad luck with a belt sander)
As for changing the pattern as far as I know you would have to bust up the skin enough where it forms scar tissue, and interrupts the pattern.
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