“People feel pain when specific nerves called nociceptors detect tissue damage and transmit information about the damage along the spinal cord to the brain. For example, touching a hot surface will send a message through a reflex arc in the spinal cord and cause an immediate contraction of the muscles.”
[source](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/145750#:~:text=People%20feel%20pain%20when%20specific,immediate%20contraction%20of%20the%20muscles.)
Basically, sharp thing breaks skin, tiny little sensors feel this break and send that information to the brain, the brain recognizes this signal as bad and in turn sends a reaction to this signal which makes you investigate what is making this feeling
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