Its basically echolocation, like with bats, but with radio waves. You have a big transmitter spit out a bunch of radio waves, you attach a receiver to it to catch the waves that bounce back. Attach a computer to compare the radio waves that bounce back vs the ones sent out to figure out things like, distance, size, speed, etc.
>Is it Limited by curvature of the earth?
Yes, Depending on how high up you place the radar disk there will be a blind spot caused by the curvature of the earth. Hence the term “flying under the radar”. Before other more practical options came about planes used to just fly real low to the ground in order to avoid radar for as long as possible.
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