UV light causes energy to “go in” to a molecule, if it has the capacity for it, and then that molecule “shines” the light back at lower energy (visible light). What kind of molecules have this property? Anything that has double bonds (high energy bonds) in it, especially if it has a lot of them. A lot of organic molecules just happen to be like this.
The case with blood and Luminol is a reaction that creates a molecule that does this, and phosphorus has high energy bonds with other atoms and also exists in bodily fluids. I’m sure there’s more to this, but that’s my understanding from way back in college organic chemistry in the simplest way I could describe it.
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