Your heart rate is determined by your brain based on how much carbon dioxide is in your bloodstream at a certain time partly. When you are exercising your body uses up oxygen quickly causing carbon dioxide to build up so your body says hey we need to get rid of this! so then you start breathing more to get rid of the carbon dioxide and obviously more oxygen. It has to do with your blood pressure (how hard your heart has to pump to get blood out of the heart) and also how much fluid is in your body. If you’re super dehydrated theres less fluid in your blood vessels so the heart has to beat faster. If you have too much fluid it has a harder time pumping blood to the rest of the body.
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