when you exercise your body is consuming more oxygen than normal and your lungs and heart have to work harder to replenish it. Ie. your heart has to recirculate more blood than normal through the lungs to replenish it with oxygen. It’s that simple. When you are stressed, your body release adrenaline, which increases your heart rate and breathing. That’s part of the fight or flight response.
Edit: it’s not literally that simple. Your body has a bunch of other stuff it has to work harder to achieve, but the main goal being the oxygen piece.
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