How exactly does Newton’s third law work?

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So, from what I understand, Newton’s third law says that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

I’m having a very hard time wrapping my head around it, as it seems as though if his law worked the way I interprete it to, pushing an object or denting an object would be impossible.

For example,

If someone were to push a book on a table, the force they applied on the book to push it, should be countered by an equal and opposite reaction force, therefore not allowing them to move the book.

In another example, if someone were to push a piece of metal, there should be an equal and opposite reaction force (normal contact force?) which would not allow the person to move the metal (can’t dent it), no matter how much force they use.

I guess what I would like to know would be why this is not the case in the two above examples, and what is it that I am not interpreting correctly with Newton’s third law.

Thank you!!

In: Physics

11 Answers

Anonymous 0 Comments

Because momentum being conserved is a property of our universe. That means that the change in momentum of all objects before and after an action has to add up to zero.

In order to change an object’s momentum you must apply a force to that object, but your momentum must also change in the opposite direction, meaning a force must be applied to you as well.

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