The eye is lined with sense cells. There are several different types, that are sensitive to different kinds of light. When the light entering the eye falls onto a cell sensitive to that kind of light, it sends a signal to the brain that says “light hit me”. It doesn’t matter if the light is directly from the light source or reflected from some other object. Each cell just says when it gets hit.
The brain’s hardware understands that if the cells on the left that are sensitive to red are signalling then there must be something red on the left side.
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