the tl;dr answer is that brains are weird.
Let’s say that you are afraid of flying. Imagine the amount of anxiety you would feel getting into a plane, when it is taking off, during some mild turbulence, and when it is landing. Some people can get this reaction without having to be scared of anything. It just happens. Your brain decides that there is an immediate and serious threat to you even though there isn’t, and your brain tells your body to either fight or run away.
As for why it happens, my understanding is that there is an imbalance in some neurotransmitters in your noggin and it makes something boring very important to your brain.
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