You need to understand what money is first. It is a medium of exchange but also *stored labor*.
When government prints money it devalues all past labor (savings) and future labor (wages falling behind inflation) for everyone in the whole country. But it ALSO devalues debt (including their own) and they get to spend it… which is why they do it.
The reason currency gets devalued is rate of exchange. If a country has 100 labor and $100 in circulation (in the hands of the population, etc) then each dollar can afford 1 unit of labor. If they print a bunch more money suddenly each dollar can only afford a fraction of a unit of labor. It’s pretty easy to see from there how it hurts savings. Beyond that is little more complicated.
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