A few ways. In cities, they would get support from their ethnic group to establish themselves. A place to stay, a job, etc.
In more rural areas, depending on how far back, land was either insanely cheap, or downright free. If you were willing to work the land, you would be granted title to it.
My first American ancestor came from Scotland in the 1790s. Worked land he eventually owned in part of North Carolina which later became Tennessee. My family were all farmers up until my Grandfather who only farmed as a hobby.
As for today, land is not cheap, so immigrants usually use the first method. Friends, family, people in the same ethnic group help them, invest, and hopefully they start a business or simply work and retire happy.
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