Model trains (1 to XY) were powered by rails, one is plus second is minus and simple motor. You regulated the voltage. That means you can only power the whole track – all trains that are on the track.
But nowadays is some IC, that allows you to control every single train independently, even control other aspects of the train (lights and horn).
How does it works, that you can control every train station on track one by one only by power provided by tracks? (You do not have remote for every train, you have one master remote).
In: Technology
Each train has it’s own circuitry to control the speed. Similar to how you might have a fan with multiple speed settings, but it’s still powered by the same voltage as everything else.
Pretty easy to do with a microcontroller and any kind of wireless receiver, Alternatively you can send signals through the tracks by superimposing a higher frequency signal on top of whatever voltage is providing power.
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