Specifically if you never go back to regular gravity. Ex: you go to live on another planet with say 3/4 Earth’s gravity and never return to Earth.
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They did an experiment with two astronauts, both twins and well experienced… One twin spent a whole year on the ISS in low earth orbit and the other stayed on earth. Surprisingly, when the brother returned to earth, his DNA had altered from that of his brothers.
We don’t know exactly what is going to happen in the long term, we can only predict. But there will be changes, and they will be negative when it comes to living back on earth. The experiment proved that space will change us, we just don’t know exactly how it will.
A person cannot evolve in a single lifetime, only change physically due to external influences. So we don’t know if it may eventually prove fatal if someone stays in space for a lifetime. It will be that we have do it gradually and generational to ease people into the changes. Or alternatively we would have to genetically modify and create “longhaul space humans” or humans modified for a certain planet. All of which would probably not be able to survive on earth if altered enough.
It’s all very sci-fi and speculation atm, plus we are a long way off playing god with the ethics and technology involved.
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